January 2025 Current Affairs – UPSC, SSC & other Focused Insights

   

🏛️ Cooperatives

Constitutional Provisions

Key Amendments

Statutory Provisions

📊 NITI Aayog

Flagship Initiatives

Key Indexes

Reports

⚖️ Lokpal and Lokayuktas

🗳️ Election Commission of India (ECI)

Constitutional Provisions

Statutory Provisions

Judicial Pronouncements

  • Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India (2023): Appointment of Election Commissioners to be done by a panel comprising PM, Leader of Opposition, and CJI.

Committees/Reports

🌐 Internet Shutdowns in India

Constitutional Provision

  • Article 19(2): Allows reasonable restrictions.

Statutory Provisions

Judgements

  • Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020): Restrictions must be temporary and proportionate.

  • Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala (2019): Right to internet linked to Right to Education & Privacy.

🌎 Geopolitics

USA’s Protectionist Measures

  • Withdrew from Paris Agreement (2017), rejoined (2021).

  • Attempted WHO withdrawal in 2020, reversed in 2021.

  • Engaged in tariff wars to reduce trade deficit.

Minilateralism vs Multilateralism

  • Multilateralism: Cooperation among 3+ states under shared norms (e.g., UN, WTO).

  • Minilateralism: Informal frameworks (e.g., GATT, QUAD, AUKUS).

Indus Water Treaty

  • Signed: 1960, mediated by World Bank.

  • Allocation: Eastern rivers to India, Western rivers to Pakistan.

AUKUS Pact

  • Formed in 2021: Australia, UK, USA.

  • Pillars: (1) Nuclear submarines for Australia, (2) Critical tech cooperation.

QUAD Grouping

  • Members: India, US, Japan, Australia.

  • Focus: Indo-Pacific security, maritime cooperation.

India–Indonesia Relations

  • Cultural ties (Ramayana, Mahabharata).

  • 1950: Sukarno – Chief Guest at India’s first Republic Day.

  • 2018: Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

📈 Economy & Surveys

  • Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (2023–24): Urban-rural gap reduced; inequality declined.

  • World Bank Global Economic Prospects Report (2025): India fastest-growing major economy.

  • Fiscal Health Index (2025): Released by NITI Aayog.

💰 Banking & Finance

  • BAANKNET: Portal for bank asset auctions.

  • Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs): For goods/services payments.

  • Revised Open Market Sale Scheme (2024–25): FCI grain e-auction.

🌾 Agriculture & Infrastructure

👮 International Cooperation

  • INTERPOL: 196 members; HQ Lyon, France; India represented via CBI.

📡 Digital & Data Protection

  • DPDP Rules 2025: Operationalizing DPDP Act 2023.

  • Key provisions: Breach reporting, notice, right to erasure, cross-border transfer.

🚢 Defence & Security

🌱 Environment & Science

🌋 Global Developments

🧬 Science & Technology

⚕️ Health & Medicine

  • Methylcobalamin (Vit B12): Used in neuropathy, anemia.

  • CAR-T Cell Therapy: Approved in India for cancer treatment.

📜 History & Culture


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