Current Affairs Hub 365

1. Separation of Powers Meaning : Division of government powers into Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary. Origin : Aristotle’s classification – deliberative, magisterial, and judicial functions. Modern Theory : Propounded by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) . 2. Assent to State Bills Article 200 : Governor may – Grant Assent, Withhold, Return (except Money Bills), or Reserve for President. Article 201 : President can – Grant, Withhold, or Return (no obligation to assent even after reconsideration). 3. States’ Demand for Autonomy Key Initiatives : Inter-State Council (Art. 263). Tax devolution increased (32% → 42%). GST Council . Reduced centrally sponsored schemes (130 → 75 → aim 50). 73rd & 74th Amendments – Panchayats & Municipalities. 4. SVAMITVA Scheme (5 Years) Launched by : Ministry of Panchayati Raj . Components : Drone Mapping, CORS network, Gram Manchitra, IEC awareness. 5. Deputy Speaker of Lok ...

Constitutional Provisions and Freebies Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) Article 38 : State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. Article 39 : Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State (e.g., equal pay for equal work, right to livelihood). Article 41 : Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement. Supreme Court Judgements on Freebies Subramaniyam Balaji Case (2013) : SC held that promises of freebies in election manifestos do not amount to a "corrupt practice" under the Representation of People Act. However, the Court urged the Election Commission to frame guidelines. Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay v Union of India (Ongoing) : Case addressing the fiscal burden and legality of freebies promised by political parties. Status of Devolution to Panchayats Constitutional Provisions Article 243G : Powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchaya...

    🏛️ Cooperatives Constitutional Provisions Article 19(1)(c): Right to form associations or unions, including cooperatives. Article 43B : State to promote voluntary formation, democratic control, and professional management of cooperatives. Articles 243ZH to 243ZT : Added through the 97th Constitutional Amendment, 2011 , specifically dealing with cooperatives. Key Amendments 97th Constitutional Amendment, 2011 – Gave constitutional status to cooperatives. Multi-State Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2023 – Introduced transparency and member accountability. Statutory Provisions Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 1904 – First legislation on cooperatives in India. Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002 – Governs multi-state cooperative societies. 📊 NITI Aayog Flagship Initiatives Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Boosts startups and innovation. Aspirational District Programme : Development of backward districts. Wom...