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Showing posts with the label UPSC 2025 GS Notes

February 2025 Current Affairs Notes for UPSC, SSC, State PSC & Other Competitive Exams

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Constitutional Provisions and Freebies Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) Article 38 : State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. Article 39 : Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State (e.g., equal pay for equal work, right to livelihood). Article 41 : Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement. Supreme Court Judgements on Freebies Subramaniyam Balaji Case (2013) : SC held that promises of freebies in election manifestos do not amount to a "corrupt practice" under the Representation of People Act. However, the Court urged the Election Commission to frame guidelines. Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay v Union of India (Ongoing) : Case addressing the fiscal burden and legality of freebies promised by political parties. Status of Devolution to Panchayats Constitutional Provisions Article 243G : Powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchaya...

January 2025 Current Affairs – UPSC, SSC & other Focused Insights

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    🏛️ Cooperatives Constitutional Provisions Article 19(1)(c): Right to form associations or unions, including cooperatives. Article 43B : State to promote voluntary formation, democratic control, and professional management of cooperatives. Articles 243ZH to 243ZT : Added through the 97th Constitutional Amendment, 2011 , specifically dealing with cooperatives. Key Amendments 97th Constitutional Amendment, 2011 – Gave constitutional status to cooperatives. Multi-State Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2023 – Introduced transparency and member accountability. Statutory Provisions Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 1904 – First legislation on cooperatives in India. Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002 – Governs multi-state cooperative societies. 📊 NITI Aayog Flagship Initiatives Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Boosts startups and innovation. Aspirational District Programme : Development of backward districts. Wom...