March 2025 Current Affairs Notes UPSC, SSC, Railways, and other competitive exams


Judicial Accountability

  • Existing Key Mechanisms:

    • Impeachment: Governed by Articles 124, 217, 218 of the Constitution and the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968.

    • In-House Mechanism (1999): Based on Restatement of Values of Judicial Life (1997) and Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct (2002).

    • Complaint Redressal:

    • Review Committees:

      • Against HC Judge: 2 HC Chief Justices (other HCs) + 1 HC Judge

      • Against HC Chief Justice: 1 SC Judge + 2 HC Chief Justices (other HCs)

      • Against SC Judge: 3 SC Judges

Regulating Big Tech

Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025

  • Grounds for Denial: Threat to security, sovereignty, health, or foreign relations.

  • Tracking: Institutions (schools, hospitals, etc.) to track foreigners.

Free Speech Index 2025

  • India ranked 24th out of 33 countries in free speech support.

Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT)

  • Concept: Provides assurance to investors against adverse measures while protecting state sovereignty.

  • Dispute Settlement:

    • Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)

    • State-State Dispute Settlement (SSDS)

Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)

  • Established: 1997, idea by Nelson Mandela (1995).

  • Members: 23 + 12 dialogue partners.

  • Secretariat: Mauritius.

  • Objective: Regional cooperation & sustainable development.

India-Mauritius Bilateral Relations

  • MAHASAGAR: Expansion of India’s SAGAR policy.

India–New Zealand Relations

  • Recent Developments:

    • NZ joined Indo-Pacific Oceans’ Initiative (IPOI).

    • NZ became member of Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).

    • Negotiations launched for FTA & professional mobility.

Squad Alliance

  • Informal alliance: US, Japan, Australia, Philippines.

  • Aim: Address Indo-Pacific aggression & maintain stability.

  • Different from Quad (India, US, Japan, Australia).

Liquidity Deficit

Incentive Scheme for BHIM-UPI

Self-Reliance in Electronics

  • India: 4% share in global electronics market.

  • 99% of smartphones sold in India are domestically made.

Priority Sector Lending (PSL)

  • Laws: Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

  • Targets:

    • SFBs & RRBs: 75%

    • UCBs: 60%

    • Domestic & foreign banks: 40%

50 Years of Microfinance

Remittances to India

Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)

Equalisation Levy

  • Laws: Finance Act 2016 & 2020.

Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)

  • Scheme: Formation of 10,000 FPOs (2020).

  • Impact: 30 lakh farmers connected (40% women).

India’s Bio-Economy

National Technical Textiles Mission (NTTM)

National Waterways Regulations, 2025

  • Length: 4,503 Km (NW-1 Ganga: 1,620 Km).

  • Current Trade Share: 3.5% (vs China ~47%).

Coal Sector in India

  • 5th largest reserves, 2nd largest consumer.

  • Power Capacity Share: 46.88%.

  • Rail Freight Share: 49%.

  • Top states: Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh.

National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD)

  • Milk Production: 24.76% (highest in world).

  • Employment: 8 crore farmers.

Quantum Computing in National Security

  • Initiatives:

    • National Quantum Mission (2023)

    • QuEST Program (2018)

Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM)

  • Adopted: 2008, in force since 2010.

  • India: Not a signatory.

Golden Dome

Biofuels

Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS)

Wildlife Institute of India (WII)

  • Established: 1982, autonomous (1986).

  • HQ: Dehradun.

  • Ministry: MoEFCC.

Okjökull Glacier

  • First glacier declared dead (2014).

  • Other disappearing glaciers: USA, NZ, Italy, Argentina, Venezuela, Switzerland, France, Germany.

Blue Flag Beaches

  • Rushikonda Beach (Visakhapatnam) regained Blue Flag tag.

  • India has 13 Blue Flag beaches.

Cinema and Society

  • Key Laws:

    • BNS, 2023 (obscenity)

    • Indecent Representation of Women Act, 1986

    • Cinematograph Act, 1952 (CBFC certification)

    • ASCI guidelines

World Happiness Report 2025

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Human Enhancement

Strategic Crypto Reserve (SCR)

  • A crypto stockpile in national reserves to enhance resilience.

  • Examples: BTC, ETH, XRP, USDT.

Light Supersolid

  • Rare state of matter: solid-like + frictionless flow.

  • Requires near-absolute zero temperature.

Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)

  • ART reduces viral load (U=U principle).

  • Example: TLD (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Dolutegravir).

National Gene Bank

Transgenic Organism

Meteorite

  • Meteoroid that survives entry & reaches Earth.

GAIA Mission

  • ESA mission to create 3D map of Milky Way.

  • Focus: Stellar positions, distances, motions.

UNESCO Tentative List 2025 (India)

  • 6 new sites:

    • Mudumal Menhirs (Telangana)

    • Kanger Valley NP (Chhattisgarh)

    • Ashokan Edict Sites

    • Chausath Yogini Temples (MP, Odisha)

    • Gupta Temples (multiple states)

    • Bundela Palace-Fortresses (MP, UP)

Jnanpith Award 2025

  • Winner: Vinod Kumar Shukla (59th Jnanpith).

Rashtriya Gokul Mission

  • Launched: 2014.

  • Ministry: Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, Dairying.

  • Funding: 100% Central Govt.




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